Some factlets from the weekends’ papers.

The New York Post highlights the flood of money market fund redemptions last week.

According to traders, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, money market funds were inundated with $500 billion in sell orders prior to the opening. The total money-market capitalization was roughly $4 trillion that morning.

The panicked selling was directly linked to the seizing up of the credit markets – including a $52 billion constriction in commercial paper – and the rumors of additional money market funds “breaking the buck,” or dropping below $1 net asset value.

The Fed’s dramatic $105 billion liquidity injection on Thursday (pre-market) was just enough to keep key institutional accounts from following through on the sell orders and starting a stampede of cash that could have brought large tracts of the US economy to a halt.

While many depositors treat money market accounts as fancy savings accounts, they are different. Banks buy a variety of short-term debt, including commercial paper, with the assets. It is an important distinction because banks use the $1.7 trillion commercial-paper market to fund their credit card operations and car finance companies use it to move autos.

Without commercial paper, “factories would have to shut down, people would lose their jobs and there would be an effect on the real economy,” Paul Schott Stevens, of the Investment Company Institute, told the Wall Street Journal.

Cracks started to show in money market accounts late Tuesday when shares in one fund, the Reserve Primary Fund – which touted itself as super safe – fell below the golden $1 a share level. It had purchased what it thought was safe Lehman bonds, never dreaming they could default – which they did 24 hours earlier when the 158-year-old investment bank filed Chapter 11.

By Wednesday, banks sensed a run on their accounts. They started stockpiling cash in anticipation of withdrawals.

And Joe Nocera noted Saturday that, thanks to the new government guarantee of money market funds, it is now safer to keep your money in money market funds than FDIC insured banks. The FDIC insurance limit is $100k and is restricted to individuals. Now businesses — anyone — is insured infinitely in money market funds. That creates monstrous moral hazard… since investors can now dump money into high-yield funds that invest in the riskiest paper, knowing that their money is insured. It is also difficult to know how this guarantee will ever be terminated, since the minute it is lifted, money will flood out of money market funds.

Tonight we learned that Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs have banking licenses. Bloomberg focused on the impact this has on their liquidity — since they can now tap the Fed directly rather than relying on banks as intermediaries. It’s possible there’s another back story: maybe the rumored takeover last week of Morgan Stanley by Wachovia got it backward. It seems probably that Wachovia, burdened by $122 billion in rotting “pick and pay” loans, is in the weeds and will be taken over — like Bear Stearns — by a more competent and credible Morgan Stanley. Although at Friday’s close WB’s market cap was $40 billion, it spent most of the week valued at roughly $20 billion… significantly smaller than MS’s $30 billion.

Finally, one great tragedy of this bailout is that all the rotten bankers are not going to lose their jobs. Relative to previous banking crises, we haven’t even begun to wash our dirty laundrey.

Between 1989 and 1991, for example, 1,187 banks and S.& L.’s went under, representing more than $454 billion in assets, according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

So far this year, there have been 11 failures of these institutions, representing total assets of around $40 billion.

The bailout guarantees that the bozos who put us into the current black hole will live to lend another day.

The New York Times continues to churn out great graphics. This graph shows the degradation of various finance stocks over the last year. The graph highlights the perversity of the fact that one of the biggest as-yet-non-bankrupt losers, Wachovia, is often mentioned as a potential savior of Morgan Stanley.

When junk bond wheeler dealer Drexel Burnham Lambert went bust in 1990, my buddy Pete and I bought a hundred t-shirts in the company’s liquidation sale. “Back to the future,” they said. Long before eBay, we recognized that those shirts were a keen investment. Now if we could just find them.

Ken Layne sums this week up best. Noting that the stock market ended the week essentially flat — after many finance stocks gyrated up and down by 50%-75% in a day — Ken concludes “A half-trillion in new U.S. debt just doesn’t buy what it used to!”

A few weeks back my banking guru Humphrey, holed up in Geneva minting money at the expense of evil VCs, recommended the book Bailout, by Irvine Sprague. Sprague worked for and ultimately ran the FDIC during four of first, precedent-setting bank bailouts of the 70s and 80s.

In his years of watching bankers beg for public assistance, Sprague became profoundly skeptical of their pleas for special treatment. Too often, even with the strongest of due diligence and regulatory strictures, bankers used public assistance to simply dig themselves deeper holes.

Though the giant bailout that’s now cobbled together in DC and NYC seems to unavoidable — we did seem to be minutes from a meltdown yesterday — our economy will be gravely harmed by the fact that many reckless, idiot, greedy bankers will, thanks to this giant buttress of public assistance, hold on to their jobs to do another decade or two of harm.

While in the best FDIC bailouts, Sprague was able to use the ticking clock to put a gun to bankers’ heads to force them make significant concessions and share risk and upside with the government, it seems the urgency and all-encompassing size of the current bailout puts the gun at the government’s head — bail us out on our terms or watch the US economy melt-down. In retrospect, the AIG deal earlier this week — in which the government gets 80% of the upside — will look incredibly sweet.

No doubt Merrill and AIG and Lehman will soon be sueing to try to retroactively get a piece of the new bailout.

I wish I could see how we’ll get out of this… or even figure out a way to hedge against the idiocy that’s ahead. Right now I can’t. I’d welcome your thoughts.

From Washington’s Farewell Address:

In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection.

Hat tip to LA buddy for this one.

My buddy Matt Welch’s great book on John McCain is now out in paperback. I’ve just finished reading it for the second time– the first time through I marveled at the organization and thoroughness, this time I relaxed and enjoyed the word-smithing. Read it before your next cocktail party with undecided voters.

Other than watching your 401k erode, it’s hard to relate to Wall Street’s meltdown. Here’s the chain of causation that leads from Wall Street to your wallet.

Right now, anyone with cash — whether banks or investors — is very leery about letting others touch their money. Banks can go under, companies can fold. So everyone with cash is dumping money into US Treasuries. The rate the government has to pay to keep people’s money basically dropped to zero yesterday, down from 2% Monday. (Today’s New York Times has a great graph illustrating this yield slide, but I can’t find it online.) Conversely, the rate that banks and companies have to pay each other for money has jumped 2 to 3 percentage points. AS the WSJ reports:

In the giant market for commercial paper, a reliable source of low-cost, short-term funds in normal times, the cost of borrowing shot up Wednesday. Traders said most lenders were unwilling to extend credit beyond a single day. Sears Holdings said it paid 3.6% Wednesday, about three-tenths of a point more than a day before, to sell $3 million in 30-day commercial paper. Ford Motor Credit Co., the finance arm of Ford Motor Co., paid 7.5% for overnight borrowings, according to one trader, who said the rate would typically be several percentage points lower. General Electric Co., rated one of the safest borrowers, paid 3.5% for overnight borrowing, about 1.5 percentage points more than would have been normal, this trader said.

This is called a flight to quality. An extreme flight to quality. How does this impact your life?

Most companies, even the most profitable, rely on short-term financing to bridge the shortfall that occurs between the time they spend cash to build goods (cars, houses, widgets) and the time when they sell those goods. Without this bridge of financing, companies reduce orders, lay people off and in extreme cases go out of businesses.

Companies don’t report their orders to the government, so it can take months for this contraction in orders to show up in government data.

But layoffs show up quickly. The first thing most people do after getting laid off is to head to the local unemployment office to file a claim for unemployment insurance. And initial unemployment claims is precisely the number that has been ratchetting higher for the last year. The prior week’s numbers are announced every Thursday at 8.30AM. Today the most recent numbers came out and were, you guessed it, worse than last week.

In the week ending Sept. 13, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial claims was 455,000, an increase of 10,000 from the previous week’s unrevised figure of 445,000. The 4-week moving average was 445,000, an increase of 5,000 from the previous week’s unrevised average of 440,000.

So watch closely next week.

When will Wall Street’s slide end? Just as markets often overshoot on the upside, they usually overshoot on the downside. Just as the market tops out when shoe-shine boys are giving stock-tips to millionaires, markets bottom when millionaires are the ones giving shoe-shines, and EVERYONE is depressed. Sadly, we’re a long way from that moment.

So, as ugly as this week has been — at least if you’re an investor in AIG or MS or GS or WB — watch out for a few more big really nasty slides and chasms over coming months.

There’s more to come in terms of nasty surprises about balance sheets. AIG had a much bigger hole in its balance sheet than everyone expected. The same for FNMA and FRMC. There are lots of other holes out there, and right now capital is rushing away from those holes, both real and imagined, as quickly as possible.

No amount of liquidity from solicitous central banks will force people to trust each other. We’re going to have to reach prices AND conditions at which greed overwhelms fear. After a 10 year binge of greed… those hormones are tapped out and its gonna take a while for them to build up again.

Here. There’s a big shout out to The Gossip Gangsta Perez.

Two years ago John Edwards invited me and a bunch of Chapel Hill bloggers for dinner. At one point, each of us offered a bit of advice. I told him that a smart candidate would bet that the US economy was soon to crumble and stake out positions that would address that crisis. I focused on the coming housing crisis. Here’s the post — titled “if I were running” — that I wrote the morning after that meeting, adding a couple of additional forward-looking positions a smart candidate would take.

If I were running for President as a dark-horse, I’d:

a) stump for an “energy trust fund to pay for our children’s future energy needs” in the form of a $2/gallon gas tax, with rebates for everyone making less than $80,000 a year. Higher gas prices would reduce pollution, encourage Detroit to build cars for tomorrow rather than yesterday and, by cutting consumption/imports, reduce US funding of anti-American regimes abroad. The revenues would also go to reduce the deficit, lowering interest rates and helping to bail out mortgage holders. (See plank #2.)

b) stump for protection for home buyers who will see their mortgages jump 200-300% in the coming eighteen months and be faced with foreclosure and/or tumbling ad prices.

c) make banks and credit card companies bear the burden for identity theft.

Though not fully baked, some variation on these issues would have broad middle class appeal, and grow more popular in the next two years.

Politico reports: “House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has ordered a broad, swift investigation of Wall Street and will demand testimony from Bush administration officials and captains of finance, congressional officials said.”

How about a broad and swift investigation of Congress’s role in the meltdown? Why were our legislators dozing while financial wizards built mountains of fantastical paper profits that are suddenly crumbling into a pile of ashes? How many millions of dollars have legislators been paid over the last twenty years to turn a blind eye to the scheming?

Any idiot with a calculator (or any idiot reading this blog for that matter) could see this all coming. See some posts here, here, here, here, here, here, here.

Asked whether she bears any responsibility for the debacle, Pelosi said “no.” I guess she’d give the same answer to the question “can you read?”